Birth Control The Age Old Debate - 919 Words

Birth Control: The Age Old Debate Sex for pleasure instead of reproduction has been a concept practiced for millennium. The concept of birth control has been around since for several millennium, as evidenced by â€Å"cave [paintings] that researchers believe could be 15,000 years old, found in France† (Gibson, 2015); presumably made out of â€Å"fish bladders, linen sheaths, and animal intestines† (Thompson, 2013). Evidence of things like spermicide has been around since 1500 B.C.E. Rubber condoms and dental dams have been around for nearly 200 years. And yet, there is still an extreme pushback on birth control. In the year 1873, the Comstock Act was put into place. This act prohibited the distribution knowledge of birth control on a scale ranging from printing to conversations between doctors and patients. This act prompted centuries of skepticism and backlash towards the concept of birth control. The backlash towards birth control is based on nothing but on the archai c views of the past featuring themes on abstinence and notions like that the sole purpose of a woman is to be a child-bearer; therefore birth control and the knowledge of such should be accessible to every person regardless of age, socioeconomic status, gender and sexual orientation. Formerly, one of the largest arguments against educating people about birth control and making it free and available is that promoting it will promote pre-marital sex and therefore the spread of STD’S and unwanted pregnancy, especiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Article Birth Control For Kids 886 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Birth Control for Kids?† was published in 2007 by Time Magazine, and despite being several years old it offers an excellent analysis of sex education in U.S. schools. A middle school in Portland, Maine decided to take a vote on whether it should offer birth control pills to students through the school’s health center. If passed, the vote would allow children as young as eleven-years-old access to contraceptives aside from the traditional condom. In addition, although parental consentRead MoreThe Birth Control Movement Essay example1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Progressive Era was a period of social and political reform beginning in the post Gilded Age 19th century and lasting through WWI. Industrial and urban growth of early 19th century America while representative of opportunity and future advancement simultaneously posed many difficulties for working class citizens. Prior concerns over the conditions of working class citizens were multiplied and magnified by overpopulated and impoverished urban communities. During this era many new ProgressiveRead MoreBirth Control: Available to Teens? Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSeven hundred fifty thousand teenagers, ages fifteen to nineteen, become pregnant each year (â€Å"Facts†). Teenage birth specialists have often debated whether or not teenagers should have access to birth con trol and other contraceptives. Although some people think teenagers having birth control will promote promiscuity, birth control should be accessible to teens because they will put themselves at a higher risk for disease and pregnancy without it, and more teenage girls would get a high school diplomaRead MoreUsing Artificial Methods Or Other Methods For Preventing Pregnancy As A Consequence Of Sexual Intercourse Become Norm?961 Words   |  4 Pagesnorm in 21st century, though in 20th century American society, it was debatable. In New York in 1920, a debate about birth control took place between Margaret Sanger and Winter Russel. They argued on the following issue â€Å"Resolved, that the spreading of birth control knowledge is injurious to the welfare of humanity.† Even though, the main core of the debate was about the spreading of birth control knowlage, both debaters argued and focused in their values. Mr. Russel a New York attorney argued fromRead MoreWhy Is The Abortion Rate Falling By David Frum979 Words   |  4 PagesWhether it’s right or wrong, the age old debate on abortion may finally be heading in a different direction. â€Å"Why is the Abortion Rate Falling† by David Frum is a web article from The Atlantic. The author argues that although society is changing, one thing has stayed the same throughout time. This age old debate between pro-life and pro-choice groups has remained consistent. Pro-life groups believe that abortion is never an option, while pro-choice groups believe that only the woman who is carryingRead MoreBirth Control Of Infant Control1192 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control pills is one of the biggest debate in our society, there’s many people against and also people that support the case. Birth Control consist in : â€Å"any of various preparations that usually contain a combination of a progestogen (as norethindrone) and an estrogen (as ethinyl estradiol) but sometimes only a progestogen, are taken orally especially on a daily basis, and act as contraceptives typically preventing ovulation by suppressing secretion of gonadotropins† (Dictionary).There areRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Child Birth850 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy and child birth have long been a controversy in the united states. The issue emerged during the 1950’s and early 1960’s when teenage childbearing rates reached a historical peak. In the mid 1960’s birth control was introduces and the teen pregnancy rate dropped by 25 percent however it is still a social issue. Such strife has triggered much political debate. Notably, whether the government should fund programs that encourage abstinence or focus on birth control. Although abstinence wouldRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy Rates940 Words   |  4 Pagespregnant before they leave adolescence.While dramatic declines among Hispanic and black teens (51 percent and 44 percent, respectively) have helped reduce ga ps, birth rates remain twice as high for these teens nationally compared with white teens .It varies all across the U.S. and even county by county, the team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said â€Å"the reasons are sadly familiar: high unemployment rates, parents who have less education, and high poverty levels†. Black and HispanicRead MoreEssay on Emergency Contraception871 Words   |  4 PagesContraception is not a new to society, however it is still igniting many debates just as it did when it was first introduced to the United States. Emergency contraception continues to be a highly emotional and controversial issue, both for advocates who believe EC will lower the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions, and for opponents who believe that using EC amounts to an abortion. The controversy fueling this debate centers around one of the ways that emergency contraception works. EmergencyRead MoreBirth Control Persuasive Essay1446 Words   |  6 P agesIn our culture, girls become women at the average age of 12. The right of passage is bloody underwear and feminine products that never seem to fit right. This means, as children, women are given a heavy responsibility: the ability to create a human life. While straddling childhood and adulthood, we are meant to learn how powerful that responsibility is and how to protect our bodies from experiencing it too early. Yet, in our culture, girls are sent so many different messages on how to accomplish

Role of Woman During the Revolutionary War - 1133 Words

Role of Woman During the Revolutionary War Have you noticed that in most history text books that the role of woman was never truly expressed in detail? Of corse we have heard of Gorge Washington, John Adams, male solders of the Revolutionary war, high ranking officers and the generals; what about the wives? What were the woman’s roles during these times? We should know that all woman were inferior to men, they had responsibilities and rights based on there social status. Most woman stayed home to take care of the children and their home duties, wile there husbands were away at war. Becoming a solder was out of the question, but of corse some woman went with their husbands, brothers or fathers. Disguised as men these†¦show more content†¦She was shown a sketch of the flag that was wanted that had a six pointed star. But she showed them how to cut a five pointed star in one cut, impressed with that she was appointed to make the flag. She finished the flag around May 1776. On June 14, 1777 Congress adopted the flag. Woman during the Revolution were cooks and maids for both British and American armies. They had almost no restricted access to the camps of the soldiers. The woman were never suspected of providing troop movements, changes in leadership, and shortages. They would often tell colony leaders or go to General Washington directly and proved this information. Nancy Morgan Hart was a very effective agent. She gathers information about the British army in Augusta, Georgia. She also helped defend a fort from assault by a group of Tories (an american colonist who supported the british during the Revolutionary war) and Native Americans. African-American woman also played a big part during the Revolutionary War. Although no actual documents exist telling us this, but diaries and stories help us place them there. They helped support the militia (a military force that was used in emergency). They also moved in with the wives of the men that were in battle, and supported them when they needed it. Spying was also a huge part by the African-American woman. They kept the Colonial authorities informed about that the British armies next moves. During the battles theShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of Mothers During The War851 Words   |  4 Pagesgender roles portrayed throughout the revolutionary war were overly romanticized and usually watered down. While in reality women shared the same roles as the adult males. Revolutionary mothers focus on the roles women played throughout the war. Whether it was different social divisions or different ethnicities, each woman portrayed a real role throughout the war. Originally, According to Berkin gender amnesia is the erased contributions of adult females in the revolutionary war. AsRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers : Women During The Struggle For America s Independence By Carol Berkin1612 Words   |  7 Pagesof the book Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the struggle for America’s independence by Carol Berkin. This comprised of details on women who had been involved in struggling to fulfill the independence of America. Women played their role at facing or creating impact towards the war. This outlines on myriad of women,s lives as well as getting to know the obstacles that they encountered during the war. This aids in bringing out the idea that not only men who played vital roles during the war, but alsoRead MoreWomen During The Revolutionary War1197 Words   |  5 Pagesdispute. Women have struggled to fit into the military life for years. Even though woman have fought alongside men in each key battle from the start of the American Revolution, they still find it hard to shake the stereo types about woman who serve. Woman have always had to cloak themselves in a masquerade of sorts to serve alongside men. When woman were finally accepted into the military, they were given secondary roles to the men. The Pentagon has just recently began to realize that gender really doRead MoreThe War Of Independence And The American Revolutionary War943 Words   |  4 Pagesor also known as the U.S War of Independence and the American Revolutionary War took place during 1775 to 1783. The Revolution was a conflict arose from the residents of Great Britain’s 13 colonies and the colonial government. The Revolution brought drastic changes to the lives of women. While the men were away at war, women would stay home, and take over the jobs men had before the war. As time flew by, women started taking roles in the Revolutionary War, examples of roles women took place in were:Read MoreThe Importance of Women Linda K. Kerbers Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America1006 Words   |  5 PagesIntellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America, Linda K. Kerber explores the contribution of women to the war and demonstrates the rising of â€Å"Republican Motherhood† during and following the war. Through this ideology, women merged their traditional roles with their new sense of civic duty. In the beginning chapters, Kerber examines women’s engagement in the war effort, explores the emerging idea of female patriotism and states the proper loyalties of married women during the time. Kerber then looksRead MoreWomen Of The Republic : The Revolutionary Era1429 Words   |  6 PagesRevolutionary Era Dr. Paul Grady Eric G. Shuping Book Review #1 March 17, 2015 Women of the Republic The American Revolution was a stepping-stone towards helping to change women’s role in society. Women of the Republic explains to readers the radicalism that Republican Mothers had a hand in during the creation of America at the time of the Revolution. Kerber shows that the American Revolution was able to help ignite the alterations that women were fighting for to prove that they belonged equallyRead MoreThe Effect Of The War On The American Revolution1296 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution as the war that freed America from the control of Great Britain. This was an important turn of events during that time because the British empire was considered one of the strongest empires. In addition, Great Britain colonized America. So for a new nation as small as they were to defeat one of the strongest empires shocked the world. The American Revolution was revolutionary for the colonists because it gave them freedom. The effect of the war was revolutionary to major groups as wellRead MoreThe Struggle For America s Independence By Carol Berkin984 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, Revolutionary Mothers, Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence, by Carol Berkin, was published in 2005. This book is a history book that focuses on women during the American Revolution years. Women played an active and vital role in the war, even though we are often not aware of this because most history books completely leave out the great contributions of women during the revolution. Ms. Berkin begins her introduction explaining her purpose and thesis for writing the book. InRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers784 Words   |  4 PagesBerkin, Carol Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence Knopp, Alfred A.: Random House Pp. 194 In Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence the author, Carol Berken, revisits the Revolutionary War exploring the many diverse roles that the women of all ethnicities, cultures, and classes were called upon to assume during the eight year struggle for independence. Most often when we address the Revolution the focus is on the notableRead MoreThe Fight Of The American Revolution For Independence1262 Words   |  6 Pageswomen who were caught up in the struggle for Americas sovereignty. Throughout the eighteen century, while the revolution war was taking place. These women had to play a vital role in order to be successful in captivating the fight of the American revolution for independence. Distanced from the role men were required to play. Women who were wives, mothers, and daughters. â€Å"Revolutionary Mothers† written by author Carol Berkin. Copyrighted in 2005 is an extraordinary biography that is very knowledgeable

Policy Framework and Markets System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Policy Framework and Markets. Answer: Introduction The basic meaning of the market is very common. A market is a place where the marketers buy and sold different goods or products. But the meaning of the market in economics is different as per to the different Economists. Economic market means sellers and buyers and commodities of the same thing are in face to face opposition with each other. There are different types of a market such as product market, free market, factor market, whole market and imperfect market, etc. In the assignment, the discussion is about on the stock market. In this type of market, the investors buy and sell stocks for earning the profit. In this market, the buying and selling are required to constitute a proper market. In this marketplace, someone has to be willing to sell and buy the stocks. Then the market can be active all over the world. The economic generalisations demonstrate the statements or laws of tendencies in different sectors of economics like production, exchange, consumption and distribution of the earnings. Economic law or generalisations are the declarations of uniformities that helps to describe the human attitude in the apportionment of the different resources in the alternative ends. The most significant process of economic analysis are two types; one is the deductive method, and the other one is the inductive method. Generalisation in economics has been come from in two processes such as deductive method and inductive methods.it can also be called prior, the analytical and abstract method which re[resents a general outlook to the accomplishment of theories and generalisations( Allen, WB, Weigelt, K, Doherty, N Mansfield, E 2012). Necessary and important mathematical procedures can be applied to get the theories and laws of economics. Deductive methods are concerned as less expensive and less time-consuming process. The deduction methods are completely useful for constructing economics theories. As there are limited scopes for the maintained assessment in economics, this deduction procedure is perfectly useful. Sophisticated mathematical process in the deductive method helps the economists to know the exactness and accuracy in economic theories and principles. The another name of an inductive method is the empirical method that is derived from economic generalisations. The generalisations are based on the observations and experiences. In this procedure, detailed information is gathered in the certain economic condition. After collecting the information, the effort should be made to get certain generalisations. These certain generalisations follow the collected information or data. In this approach, three different ways can be utilised to derive economic theories and principles. Those three ways are Experimentation Observations Econometric or statistical method Evaluation of inductive method: to get economic generalisations, the collection of complete data and usage of statistical measures are used for setting the relationship between the facts that are being made increasingly. Some latest researches in the sector of macroeconomics like the feature of consumption activities describe the relation between the earning and consumption. It determines the investment in the stock market has been got through the application of inductive method mainly. The role and the impact of government intervention on that system Government intervention indicates to the directions where the government interferes, control or regulates the several activities which are taken by individuals or the business organisations. The effect of government intervention can be negative or may be positive. Governments should maintain a standard level of attachment in the different actions of various organisations. They attain the qualities by forming and applying different rules and regulations that the inhabitants should follow and maintain. The sovereign power of the governmental authority should be used for fulfilling noble goals. The main aim of the government is to improve the infrastructure of the economic market and different business organisations. The government intervene in the markets to develop common economic fairness and transparency. The governments always attempt to control the inequities in the market. They focus on these inequalities and try to maintain those problems through taxation, subsidies and regulation processes. The government can sometimes intervene to promote some other aims like political advancement and unity. The governments take the significant responsibilities for the stock market One of the best and common evaluated reasons is that the governments intervene in the market for maximising social wellbeing. The government intervention should always be focusing on the social welfare. One of the significant roles of the government is to maintain the value of the currency, protect asset rights and uphold the rules and regulations of the law. Governments can apply a Fiscal policy to change the demand level for various products and the demand pattern in the economy (McTaggart, D, Findlay, D Parkin, M 2012). Indirect taxation can be utilised to increase the price value of the demerit products. Then the consumers reduce their demands in this situation. The governments provide subsidies for some necessary and good products that help the customers to buy those easily. The subsidies are applied to boost up the output and consumption of goods with certain externalities. Subsidy increases the production supply in the market. The consumers get help from the government by this effective policy. Tax relief also helpful for the investors who can get benefit by the application of this policy in the stock market. Policy frame work is effective for the commercial stock market. It helps to improve productive, allocative and productive efficiency (Keat, PG Young, PK 2009, Managerial economics). Different policies are significant for the stock market which gives profitable earning to the investors. Government interventions help to the perfect equal products as per the demands of the customers. An understanding of the macro economy Macroeconomics refers to the explanations and analysis of some process which are concerning aggregates. Aggregate economic attitude is the complete behaviour of each and every person in the economic market. The macro economy is the topic based on the economic behaviour totally, and the different policies are measured by the government. Those policies can be applied and used by the governments to influence the macro economy( Lowe, P. (2013) Productivity and Infrastructure). It calculates the rates of inflation and unemployment, total output, exchange rates, etc. if there is any disequilibrium in the stock market, the policies help to rectify the errors in the financial marketplace. In this difficult condition, the governments may have to change the past policies and come back with some new models and policies to control the situation (Banks, G. (2012) Productivity policies: the to do list, Economic and Social Outlook Conference 'Securing the Future' Melbourne, November 2012). Macro economy analyses and describes some particular procedures which concern individuals like individual firm, individual customers, individual market. It also concerns with the determination of price value in the private marketplace. The macro theory defines the economy in the long and short run. The long run concerns with the economic growth and the short run concerns with the movements in the total output, business cycle, exchange rates, rates of inflation and unemployment Gerber,( J 2013, International economics),. Interdependence: macro economy shows the interdependence between the various sectors inside and outside of the economic market. It is beneficial as it indicates the changes in the different sectors. Non-experimental: the macro economy cannot consume maintained scientific experiments, but it focuses on the deduction and observations. Aggregate analysis: macroeconomics demonstrates the aggregate or average economic sectors (Gans, J King, S Stonecash, RE Mankiw, N 2014, Principles of economics). The various parts of the macro economy are national income, recession, inflation, economic growth, total savings, trade, monetary policy, fiscal policy, total investments, etc. Policy based: economic module is based on a mainly Macroeconomic evaluation. This analysis includes five principle areas that are called magical pentagon'. Magical Pentagon is stable prices, good economic development, full employment, equitable distribution of earning, external equilibrium. Regarding this policy, there are two groups of thought, these are non-interventionist groups or monetarist, and interventionist groups or the non-monetarist groups( Baye, MR 2015, Managerial economics and business strategy). The impact of different market structures on consumers and business The interaction between the consumers and competitors with an organisation may have the positive or the negative effects both. Small business investors in the stock market cannot change the market structures. So, they have to analyse and follow how this stock market structure affects the business or on the consumers. The new investors should identify the negative aspects and then they must change those aspects. The new investors have to change their business strategy to the stock market and to reduce those negative aspects effectively(Faarnham, G 2014, Economics for managers). There are various approaches to the different market structures that are the main reasons for affecting the business and the investors or the customers. The different reasons are market segmentation and accessibility, market characteristics and size, policy and regulatory influences and competitive structures of the marketplace( Faarnham, G 2014, Economics for managers). These are the main factors which are affecting the business and new investors in the economy of the stock market. References: Allen, WB, Weigelt, K, Doherty, N Mansfield, E 2012, Managerial economics: Theory, applications and cases (International Student Edition), WW Norton, New York,NY. Banks, G. (2012) Productivity policies: the to do list, Economic and Social Outlook Conference 'Securing the Future' Melbourne, November 2012 - downloadable from www.pc.gov.au/speeches (see also various papers under Structural Change in Australia) Baye, MR 2015, Managerial economics and business strategy, 8th edn, McGraw Hill, New York, NY. Faarnham, G 2014, Economics for managers, 3rd edn, Pearson Education, London. Gans, J King, S Stonecash, RE Mankiw, N 2014, Principles of economics, 6th edn, Cengage Learning Australia,Melbourne. Gerber, J 2013, International economics, 6th edn, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Keat, PG Young, PK 2009, Managerial economics, 7th edn, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Layton, A Robinson, T Tucker, I 2014, Economics for today, J1h edn, Cengage Learning Australia , Melbourne. Lowe, P. (2013) Productivity and Infrastructure - can be downloaded from rba.gov.au/speeches/2013 McTaggart, D, Findlay, D Parkin, M 2012, Economics, 7th edn, Addison-Wesley, Sydney

Rise in Islamophobia in Social Work Practice-Case Study

Question: Analyse the impact of the current governments welfare reforms on disability and service user involvement. Drawing on critical race theory analyse the rise in Islamaphobia in social work practice. Explore the ways that hegemonic masculinities influences mens involvement in social work practice. Answer: Introduction Over the past decades, Islamophobia has developed or emerged as one of the hottest topics of debate in the entire world (Davids, 2009). Alongside the rise of anti-Roma racism and the increasing rates of attacks in context with the multiculturalism, Urh (2014) drew attention towards the growth of Islamophobia which has become quite a vital subject of discussion that made the theorists and the scholars critically research and assess the role of anti-Islam in the social work practices in the 21st century. Islamophobia is referred to as the hatred or prejudice against the Muslims or Islam. This paper strongly highlights how the Muslim identity and the latest social practices affect the well being and health of the Muslims in almost all the countries of the world (Esposito and Kaln, 2011). The causes and specialities of the Islamophobia are still not well known and are under debate. In the opinion of some scholars, it has been identified that Islamophobia is a type of cultural racism. Whi le the others have commented that this phobia against the Muslims has developed due to the most terrible and horrified terrorist attacks of September 11 and July 7 (Hafez, 2009). The fear and anxiety that the terror attacks posed on the minds and lives of the people all over the world has led them to turn their faces against the Muslims and prevent them from taking part in any social work practices of the country (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). For over several years, it has been observed that there is a constant increase of hostility and antagonism towards the Islam communities in UK, US, France, etc and Islamophobia has come into view as a definite form of the modern anti-Muslim racism (Hussain, 1992). Researchers and sociologists have aimed at defining Islamophobia in detail but the essence and significance of the term is very much alike. An exaggerated anxiety or terror against the Muslims and Islam has developed a feeling of hatred among the people of the Western countries towards their community (Lyons, 2012). Making anti-Muslim racism respectable continues to be a most important and significance trend all over UK. Any Muslim person found on the streets is being either shot or imprisoned for lifetime due to fear. Islamophobia tends to range from the condescending and contemptuous stares and comments to the physical assaults of the Muslim residents in the country. The government policies of the country have prevented M uslims to get associated in the social work practices. Any Muslim citizen, whose actions and attitudes are deemed to be suspicious, will be considered as criminals and strict actions will be taken against that individual (Love, 2011). In this particular essay, spotlight will provided on the rise of Islamophobia in the entire UK and the existing racial discrimination according to the critical race theory and how this has affected the involvement of the Muslims in the social work practices. Main analysis of the paper In todays world, terrorism is often equated with Islam. The very name of Islam is a real taboo in the society (Field, 2011). Although the researchers have firmly focused or emphasised on the social work practices with the Black and minority ethnic (BME) people, the involvement of the Muslims in the social work remains particularly neglected. They are very much feared by the British populations due to the terror attacks which caused severe damage and hampered many innocent lives. As per the opinions of Rana (2007), the situation of the Muslim populations is thus considered as one of the most suppressing issues that British society is facing in the current times. The increasing number of attacks on the Muslim community in UK has led to the rise in threats towards the civil liberation in context with the security measures in the country. According to the viewpoints of Poynting and Mason (2007), the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the successive war on terrorism have laid a c onsiderable impact on the Muslims in many Western countries such as Australia, US and UK. The Muslims feel bad about the fact that the English society in which they live in does not really accept them as a part of their community. Islam is regarded as the second most identified religion in UK behind Christianity. Quite a large area in Britain society is comprised of the Muslims (Sayyid, 2010). According to the statistical reports, the Muslims occupy nearly 5% of the population in England but the majority resided in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Surprisingly, the Muslims do not have any ancestral roots in the Arab countries. It has been perceived that the British worry about their families and friends. They just do not seem to empathise with the Muslims. Bryfonski (2012) opined that a vast majority of the British feel that Islamophobia is hateful and disgusting. As revealed by Fekete (2009), there were 115 attacks in a week after the disastrous terrorist attacks in Paris. Due to such, the anger and hatred of the British people towards the Muslim populations outpoured and as a result, they have declared firmly that they will not tolerate Islamophobia in the country. With the growth and development of the critical rac e theory, UK has targeted the Muslims and has aimed at punishing them and avoiding them so as to ensure their well being in the society (Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment, 2002). The rising wave of Islamophobia has made the integration with the Muslims less likely and the fear intensifies the perspectives and perceptions of the extremists (Abbas and Awan, 2015). This is quite discordant and dangerous and poses a great threat to the lives of the British. They feel that it has become quite hard for them to live in the country always with fear and anxiety. They cannot live fearlessly; their well being is in danger because of the huge Muslim population in UK. Asad (1997) stated that the concept of Islamophobia is commonly used to distinguish the expressions, speech and actions of terror and anxiety towards the Muslims or those who believe in the Islamic religion. By virtue of Khan (2012), irrespective of the fact whether the term Islamophobia is used as the anti-Muslim hostility or as racial discrimination towards the Islam culture, an in-depth analysis and review of the term is very much required in order to find out the specific significance and relevance to th e term phobia. The so-called conflicts and clashes between the British and the Islam have burst out on the front pages of the English newspapers (Hussain, 1992). Media reports and the legislative actions often cited the 9/11 and 7/7 attacks and focused on the Muslims as an external group thereby leading to the promotion of the negative stereotypes of the cultures of Muslims. The Islam communities in the UK are noticeably distinctive in terms of their culture, historical characteristics, languages as well as ethnicity. Due to such diversity, the Muslims are treated ignorantly in UK. This differentiation in the race and culture has led the Muslims to suffer a lot in the country. As per the opinions of Lewis (2014), the political and legal practices of UK are widely against the Islam culture. It has also been perceived that in Britain, about 75% of the Muslims of Pakistan in UK tend to marry their close relatives (Love, 2011). The researchers have questioned this entire practice and have raised their fingers against their culture. Research shows that the terrorist incidents have worsened the well being of UK over the past five years. The entire British society has emerged as a strong united community that stands against the Islam culture (Moaddel, 2007). This anti-Islamic racism has led the Muslims in Britain suffer from identity crisis. The issue of racism is one of the major and most worrisome topics in the UK society. In the current society, the most substantial segregation might not be in terms of the ethnic and racial lines. In the words of Martin (2010), the modern-day globalization has led to shift the attention of the people in the rising nature of racism where the Muslims are portrayed as the wicked or threatening culture. The researchers have widely depicted the resurrection of the anti-Islam racism is the direct result of the war on terror (Williams, 2010). It is quite imperative that the concept of war on terrorism is actually an attempt to manage and control the resources of the country. The recent voting polls have resulted that the immigration of the Muslims is considered as one of the third most discussed issue for the British people (Gallup, 2016). Holloway (2008) opined that after the issues of the 9/11 and 7/7 attacks, the religion, race and migration of the Muslims have become the centre of attention among the English people. With a purpose of avoiding the fear of terrorism, checking of the people at the airports, railway stations, shopping centres, schools, etc. has been regarded as of vital importance (Vakil, 2009). The government of the country has given permission to all the schools and the universities to check over and report about any suspicious activity from any Muslim individual. Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin (2013) overviewed that children and the women are very much prone to such threats and are largely affected when they are targeted due to Islamophobic abuses and attacks. Hence they are concerned with the general growth of discrimination. According to the opinion of Allen (2016), Islamophobia is a perfect threat to give rise to social cohesion. This practice or prejudice in the British society appears to be racial prejudice and cultural discrimination. It cannot be dealt with the external context of racism and discrimination in all over Europe (Sayyid and Vakil, 2010). The religious beliefs, values, perceptions, behaviours, attitudes, cultures, lifestyles, habits, language and appearance of the Muslims are considered to be violence and risk for the British. Peace (2012) has thereby argued by stating that though these Islamic people are looked down upon or feared in the British society, yet they have widely contributed for the welfare and betterment of the country. In accordance with the viewpoints of Awan (2016) and many other sociologists, the Muslim communities have also shared meaningful cultural world views in regards to the illnesses and their treatments. The physicians believing in Islamic religion have played a pivotal role in protecting and adapting the Greco-Arabic medicines to the Western part of Europe. But even after that, the English media have continuously highlighted the consequences of the terror attacks caused on September 11 and July 7 that led the British to consider the Muslims as criminals (Allen, 2016). Though the Muslims want to make a strong and permanent alliance with the British, the latter do not feel like stay connected with the Islam due to the fear of the past terrorist attacks. As a matter of fact, Awan (2016) commented that the Muslims do not get any sort of help or cooperation from any English inhabitant. The country-jihad movement of UK is broadening and spreading its branches across the entire Europe which reflects that about 24 different far-right groups have aimed at thumping up strong feeling of hatred and negligence towards the Muslim population (Abbas and Awan, 2015). Thus a racial civil war has been provoked in the society. Fekete (2009) has opined that UK has stood up extremely against the Islam religion and the phobia and tensions against the Muslims has thus increased considerably over their immigration. In context with the social work perspective, it can be said that in the European countries the people tend to neglect the Muslim social workers and ignore their services due to the anti-Islam feeling (Ragab, 2016). The good works and the skills of the Muslim people are not even acknowledged or recognised by the Western culture as they cannot rely upon them. Vakil (2009) has shed light upon the fact that these people do not accept the services of the Muslim social workers who work with great toil to earn their livelihood in the European countries. According to the viewpoints of Davids (2009), since the fear and anxiety against the Islamic religion and their race has left a deep adverse impact on the minds of the people of the European countries that they are not ready to accept the goodness and positive attitudes of the Islamic people. The people believing in the Western culture do not actually feel comfortable to get socialised and stay connected to any Muslim immigrant (Nabi, 2011). On the other hand, it has been perceived that the Muslim people do not get adequate social benefits from the European society. Naqvi and Smits (2011) have highlighted the fact that due to this fear and Islamophobic prejudice, their needs and necessities are being significantly ignored or neglected by the social care workers of UK. Thus many Muslim men, women and children in the country are found to be deprived of getting any kind of care treatment and safety or protection measures (Nesser, 2014). Acknowledging the current UK society, Allen (2010) has stated that it is absolutely impossible to detach racism of the country from the past terror incidents. The country has been very much specific and particular in terms of their ethnic and religious values. Anti-Islamic practices are not different in UK from the other countries (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). Same fear, anxiety, tension, risks and bogeymen have caused significant negative violence, attitudes and resentment in almost all the countries of the world. It has been observed by Imhoff and Recker (2012) that due to such terror, the Muslims are not allowed to take part in any activity of the society. They are even suffering from severe unemployment and are deprived of any kind of social, economic or political benefits. Since the cultures of Muslims do not tally with that of UK, the perceived incompatibility between their cultures has led the non-Muslim people of the country stay away from them (Laitin, 2010). Morgan and Poynting (2011) have commented that in almost all the Western countries of the world, the Muslims are being prevented from moving about in the streets freely as per their will. The young children are being taught not to socialise or stay in touch with the Muslim children at schools or universities. This social rejection has made it quite difficult for the Muslim communities to survive and stay in peace in UK and other European countries (Field, 2011). The hate preachers, that is, the media or the press has indeed increased this anti-Islamic motto in the society and thus the Muslims are being treated brutally in the country. As per the opinions of Bryfonski 92012), the rate of Muslim imprisonment is much higher than that of the non-Muslims. Also it has been noticed that the people believing in Islamic religion are not accepted as general citizens of the country. All these factors show the real fear among the people that has rooted up in their hearts and occupied a large por tion of their minds since the 9/11 attacks (Holloway, 2008). The fundamentalists of Islam have spoiled or ruined the public image of the Muslims in all over UK and thus it has created a tense situation in the society. In the words of Urh (2014), these terror strikes which are carried out by the fanatics of racial discrimination and anti-Islam on the soil of UK have brightened and broadened the International headlines and escalate the issue to a wide extent. After the September 11 attack, the government of UK has made an attempt to introduce certain policies that will help the British people to overcome their fear of the Muslims (Gottschalk and Greenberg, 2008). But the government initiatives such as the anti-terrorism legislations failed to ease the anxieties of the people. Williams (2010) anticipated that some Muslim individuals feel a certain extent of cultural alienation. In contrary to these, it has been also perceived that the Muslims have developed a sense of humanism within themselves. Moreover, Islam has proved to be extensively dynamic by adapting to the non-Islam culture to diverse themselves from the Islamic society (Vakil, 2009). While reviewing the opinions of some Muslims, it has bee n perceived that they are not respected by the people of UK and other European countries. (Ragab, 2016) has overviewed that the perceived inequalities between the European and Muslim cultures have resulted in racism and class division. According to the Durkheims theory of socialism, people tend to envisage religion as a firm contribution to the betterment and welfare of the society. Thus in this respect it can be said that the British people respect and socialise with those people who share common religious values and beliefs (Rana, 2007). In case of Webers theory of social change, the western culture or Christians are believe that God will punish all those who are sinful and have caused harm to the innocents (Martin, 2010). With such belief, the Christians are quite likely to consider the Muslims as the sinful as they have created terror in the minds and hearts of all the people of all the European countries including UK. Hence as stated by Peace (2012), the fundamental aim of the people of these western countries is to remove negative aspects from the society to promote their well being and bring in peace. As a matter of fact, the people have continued their struggles against the Muslims and thus racial discrimination has escalated immensely in the British society. Nabi (2011) has underpinned his thoughts by saying that the dominance and oppression of the British government towards the Islamic communities in UK and other European countries has forced the latter to stay isolated from the others. Moaddel (2007) overviewed that the culture and religion has grown over extensively than politics almost across all the regions. It has been surveyed by Hafez (2009) and several researchers and theorists that these racial differences are the root causes behind the tensions between the Western world and the Muslims. This has become quite a significant conversation or debate about Islamophobia which embodies that the political and social interests of the people of both the religions might vary considerably, yet their religious and cultural differences are more entrenched within the people (Laitin, 2010). On the basis of one of the five pillars of Islam, it can be explained that the differences in the Islamic notion of charity to that of the Christians thoro ughly showcased that the former has been specifically designed in order to serve the true cause of social justice. On the other hand, Allen (2016) has shed light upon the fact that in Christianity, the concept of charity is completely based on compensation where the recipients will have no right to donation rather than reflecting a feeling of grace for the donor (Lean and Esposito, 2012). In Islamic society, the poorer class of people have the right to claim donation from the wealthier class of people in the society and as such the well being of the society is ensured. In contrast, Imhoff and Recker (2012) have explained in their opinions that the UK society has developed a strong feeling of hatred towards the Muslims and due to such, the British has decided not to socialise with them. The rising questions of gender and cultural identity of the Muslims in Britain have led to the increasing levels of Islamophobia and affected the lives of many Muslim women (Khan, 2012). The levels of racism have thus rooted up significantly in the UK society and other European countries. The practice of covering t he heads of the Muslim women shows the refusal or rejection of the British towards them (Lyons, 2012). It reflects that they see the Muslim women as a part of a complex historical progression trying to form their identity. According to the viewpoints of Poynting and Mason (2007), due to such circumstance, these women are being criticised and abused very badly by the western culture for not accepting the fact that they can only achieve their freedom by agreeing with the inferiority of their own culture. The significant relationship between racialisation and Islamophobia can be highlighted by making an argument that before experiencing Islamophobia in UK and other European countries, the white people converted into Islam are again racialised as non-white religion (Sayyid, 2010). Many Muslims also fail to comprehend the true meaning of Islamophobia as they might have hardly experienced it. Thus it has been claimed by Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin (2015) that Islamophobia is just a myth or belief that has engraved in the hearts of the people of almost all the Western countries including UK. As indicated by Imhoff and Recker (2012), the racial and cultural differences that the Muslim immigrants brought in Europ e along with them are considered as the most vital obstacle towards their integration. Due to the fear existed among the people; it is quite obvious that they will never want to assimilate or mix up with the Muslims (Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment, 2002). This observed disconnection between the Muslim immigrants and the British people are also a very subjective issue that has been argued so as to prevent or minimise the immigration of the Muslims from the countries which comprise of a predominant Muslim population (Urh, 2014). In the European society, when the Muslims are exposed or depicted as a complicated and problematic group of people, they are frequently conversed with respect to their families which viewed the women, children and youths as the cultural prisoners. Nesser (2014) has drawn attention towards the fact that the youths believing in the Islam religion are considered to be posing the most significant threat to the society supposedly due to their different cultural beliefs and values. The young Muslim men are portrayed in the European society as a disturbing element (Lewis, 2014). It is inferred that these people need to be unveiled and empowered due to the pressure of their familys traditional and social relations. Conclusion From the entire study, it can be broadly depicted that the Muslims are thoroughly ignored and avoided in the Western society. They are deprived of their human rights and are always criminalised under the European Law due to mere suspicion (Morgan and Poynting, 2011). No approval is being given to these Muslim immigrants in schools, colleges or in any public and private sector. The overall analysis of this paper has enlightened the true aspect and significance of Islamophobia that has rooted up firmly in the minds and hearts of the people of UK and other European countries. It is opined by Naqvi and Smits (2011) that the well being and betterment of the European countries has been hampered and ruined due to the terrorist attacks of the Muslims. According to Monshipouri (2011), Islamophobia among the people belonging to the western culture, aim at violating or preventing the Muslim individuals from their rights and freedom. Islamophobia is considered to be an analytical term that is wi dely tackled by the scantiness of its current formulation. The paper identified that the prejudice of Islamophobia tends to irritation and arise complexities without facilitating any kind of elucidation. Hence as per the opinion of Imhoff and Recker (2012), rallies have been organized in the European countries in order to emphasise upon throwing away or preventing the entry of Muslim immigrants. Stop the Islamisation of Europe has been the one of the most significant rally in the entire Europe so as to showcase their affirmation towards the anti-Islamic race. The rise in terror among the people of UK and other European countries due to the terrorist attacks in US has extensively led to the emergence of Islamophobia among the people (Vakil, 2009). The media and press play a pivotal role in highlighting the anti-Islam concept every day. The European Muslims are almost regularly represented in the English media as criminals or untrustworthy groups of people who are subjected to the divided loyalties (Toguslu, Leman and Sezgin, 2015). Thus it ca n be said that Islamophobia has resulted in racial discrimination and also it affected the social work practices of the countries significantly. References Abbas, T. and Awan, I. (2015). Limits of UK Counterterrorism Policy and its Implications for Islamophobia and Far Right Extremism.Int J for Crime, Justice Social Democracy, 4(3). Allen, C. (2010).Islamophobia. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Allen, C. (2016).Islamophobia. London: Routledge. Asad, T. (1997). EUROPE AGAINST ISLAM: ISLAM IN EUROPE.Muslim World, The, 87(2), pp.183-195. Awan, M. (2016).Islamophobia. [S.l.]: Policy Press. Bryfonski, D. (2012).Islamophobia. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Davids, M. (2009). THE IMPACT OF ISLAMOPHOBIA.Psychoanalysis History, 11(2), pp.175-191. Esposito, J. and Kaln, I. (2011).Islamophobia. New York: Oxford University Press. Fekete, L. (2009).A suitable enemy. London: Pluto. Field, C. (2011). Islamophobia.Journal of Contemporary Religion, 26(3), pp.509-511. Gallup, (2016).Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West. [online] Gallup.com. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/poll/157082/islamophobia-understanding-anti-muslim-sentiment-west.aspx [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Gottschalk, P. and Greenberg, G. (2008).Islamophobia. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Hafez, K. (2009).Islam in "liberal" Europe. Holloway, D. (2008).9/11 and the War on Terror. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Hussain, S. (1992).The reconstruction of Islamic society. Lahore: Ferozsons. Imhoff, R. and Recker, J. (2012). Differentiating Islamophobia: Introducing a New Scale to Measure Islamoprejudice and Secular Islam Critique.Political Psychology, 33(6), pp.811-824. Khan, N. (2012). Definitional Issues of Terrorism Rise of Islamophobia.SSRN Electronic Journal. Laitin, D. (2010). Rational Islamophobia in Europe.Arch. eur. sociol., 51(03), pp.429-447. Lean, N. and Esposito, J. (2012).The Islamophobia industry. London: Pluto Press. Lewis, P. (2014). Islam and Public Controversy in Europe.Islam and ChristianMuslim Relations, 26(3), pp.389-390. Love, E. (2011).Confronting islamophobia. [Santa Barbara, Calif.]: University of California, Santa Barbara. Lyons, J. (2012).Islam through Western eyes. New York: Columbia University Press. Martin, N. (2010). Are British Muslims Alienated from Mainstream Politics by Islamophobia And British Foreign Policy?.SSRN Electronic Journal. Moaddel, M. (2007).Values and perceptions of the Islamic and Middle Eastern publics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Monshipouri, M. (2011).Human rights in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Morgan, G. and Poynting, S. (2011).Global Islamophobia. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Nabi, S. (2011).How is Islamophobia institutionalised?. University of Manchester. Naqvi, R. and Smits, H. (2011).Framing peace. Nesser, P. (2014).Islamist terrorism in Europe. Peace, T. (2012). Islamophobia * Islamophobia: The Challenges of Pluralism in the 21st Century.Parliamentary Affairs, 66(4), pp.887-893. Poynting, S. and Mason, V. (2007). The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001.Journal of Sociology, 43(1), pp.61-86. Ragab, I. (2016). The Islamic perspective on social work: A conceptual framework.International Social Work, 59(3), pp.325-342. Rana, J. (2007). The Story of Islamophobia.Souls, 9(2), pp.148-161. Sayyid, S. (2010).Thinking through Islamophobia. London: Hurst. Sayyid, S. and Vakil, A. (2010).Thinking through Islamophobia. New York: Columbia University Press. Toguslu, E., Leman, J. and Sezgin, I. (2015).New multicultural identities in Europe Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment. (2002). Taylor Francis. Urh, P. (2014). 'Everyone is blaming us!' Conceptualising current anti-Roma racism in Europe and its necessary implications for anti-racist social work.Critical and Radical Social Work, 2(1), pp.59-76. Vakil, A. (2009). Is the Islam in Islamophobia the Same as the Islam in Anti-Islam; or, When Is It Islamophobia Time?1.e-cadernos CES, (03). Williams, B. (2010).The war on terror. Mankato, Minn.: Arcturus Pub.

Review of Winterbourne View by Teresa Curtis Essay Example

Review of Winterbourne View by Teresa Curtis Essay A review of the Winterbourne View Panorama I watched this documentary this morning with my class on the goings on at Winterbourne View Residential Hospital for adults with Learning Disabilities. I watched as a member of staff made complaints and went to the top to report what was going on in the home and was not taking seriously and ignored and nothing done about his complaints not even an investigation and ended up having to go to the BBC Panorama team. I am ashamed at the fact that the staff member, a senior male nurse called Terry Bryan had to go to people not in the health care industry to alk about what was happening and becoming a whistle-blower in order to help the patients as much as he could. I heard as the narrator stated that there was several different staff reporting abuse and still no investigation done to check for abuse. I heard the horror in the whistle blower Terry Bryans words as he told us what he experienced. I was disgusted as I watched carers poke a females eyes and hit her bare back after she had been restrained causing her to scream in pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Winterbourne View by Teresa Curtis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Winterbourne View by Teresa Curtis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Winterbourne View by Teresa Curtis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I saw the carers automatically restrain the patients, even when they had done nothing wrong nd there was no need for restraint to be used. The fact they restrained them when not needed was bad, but the fact that they also used incorrect and dangerous ways of restraint shows me that they had either not been trained properly or disregarded any training they had and could end up killing the patient. In one episode of restraint that was included clearly showed a carer, leaning on the patients chest, with her other arm pushing on the neck above the carotid artery, which could cause serious damage or death. I watched clips of different carers abusing the patients, such as ne carer kicked the back of a patients leg whilst pulling their Jumper until the fell to the floor. Another carer stood on a patients hand, a third carer restrain someone using a chair and even worse another carer repeatedly punching a patients head, admittedly not hard, but continued to do so until they sais ding ding even though the patient was scared and wanting it to stop. I watched carers dump cold water on a patient and leave them outside during winter so that she was shaking, drag patients out of bed to the floor, and hit a patient repeatedly, I heard the narrator tells us that he undercover Journalist named Joe Casey was hired after a week of training with no experience caring but had extra training organised by the panorama team. On his first day I was horrified at the amount of abuse he recorded. They showed a carer verbally abusing a patient he shoved to the floor and was restraining by saying suffocate on your own fat abusing the patient both physically and mentally. I watched and listened as one member of staff had a conversation with Joe and gave him a piece of advice concerning a patient who had been restrained with the arm bove her carotid artery and then a quilt used to cover her mouth. She told him the minute she gets anywhere close to you, you Just have to do what you got to do. If youre on your own, like. If you have to smash her and you smash her, but you know, you dont let tnat Ine minute sne sta rts snoutlng, I dont let ner on ner Teet. I get ner straight down. And when he replied with Oh right, so get her straight in the floor? she replied with The minute she starts shouting. You wont calm her down. Itll get worse and somebodyll get hurt. Either a patient or yourselves. And then thats a big, big statement you have to write why somebodys got hurt. And the first thing managementll ask you, why wasnt she on the floor. Yeah I Just whack them all down. I listened as Joe said when describing what he thought that It was pretty much run by a group of bullies for the own entertainment. They showed their footage to Clinical Psychologist Andrew McDonald, an expert in the handling of patients with Challenging Behaviours. It was clear to see that he was appalled at what he was seeing and he called it Stonehenge. He told us the techniques they were using for estraint were not taught techniques and that in his opinion they were making it up as they go along. The whistle-blower, Terry Bryan had gone to the hospitals management a year before with a list of the patients he felt was in the most danger but was ignored. I watched as staff made threats to the patients scaring them into complying and distanced from their family isolating them to Just each other and the carers. I watched as one patient had his bottle stolen from him that he takes everywhere and purposely kept away from him making him a source of nter tainment for the staff and later heard from Dr Andrew McDonald how doing that could trigger a panic attack. The hospitals Job was to evaluate and treat the patients to try and get them back into the community. They were meant to assess patients psychological and psychiatric state and work out the best way to respond to the patients needs and behaviour and figure out the best way of supporting them. I was appalled to learn that the NHS was signing large checks weekly for each patient and was not being told what the money was being used for and placed their trust in them without checking up on complaints made. There should have been activities and days out planned with the money as well as entertainment for the patients to use in the hospital as well as there was more than enough money to organise a few things for the patients to enjoy. I was shocked at the system wide failures that was pointed out due to the lack of checking and communication over the complaints received. I was also shocked that no links had been made by the police, NHS commissioners and other companies that received complaints about Winterbourne View. The things the patients suffered through is nothing but institutional and ystematic abuse as they were not only abused by the carers but the system that was meant to protect and help them. The most disturbed thing in my mind about this whole thing is that the staff was experienced and was not new to the Job, such as one having 6 years of experience and clearly was showed to be abusing the patients. Overall I am disgusted at the lack of humanity shown by the staff involved and the neglect by the NHS shown. I am disgraced at the amount of abuse that happened in a 5 week period that the undercover person was there for. I believe that the NHS not nly failed to do its Job but failed in the responsibilities parents, relatives and friends gave them to protect the patient but they utterly failed and caused more damage because they simply did not follow up complaints. There is no excuse for what nappenea Decause tnere were more tnan enougn complalnts not only to tne company but to the health care watchdog and police who should have looked into the complaints more deeply as well as communicate to be able to see that there was a problem at the hospital. And the fact that there were at least 40 safeguarding alerts here nothing was done to find out about them. In my opinion after this event the system needed a complete review and overhaul and other hospitals need to be looked into to find out if they are abusing the patients and causing more damage as well as spending tax payers money for things not needed wasting it away as Winterbourne View clearly showed that they were not using the money responsibly. This should never have happened and probably would not have happened if the NHS Commissions, Police, Social Services and anyone else involved had done their Jobs right. This review was done by Teresa Curti

11 US Hist 5th6weeks Essay

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